Author: Saim Khalid

In object-oriented programming (OOP), member functions form the heart of how objects behave and interact with data. While classes define what an object is, member functions define what an object can do. They are essential to achieving the dynamic, flexible, and logical behavior that OOP offers. In this detailed discussion, we will explore what member…

In object-oriented programming (OOP), classes form the foundation upon which programs are built. A class is a blueprint that defines the structure and behavior of objects. Inside a class, there are class members, which include variables (also known as attributes, fields, or properties) and functions (also known as methods). These members define what data the…

In C++, the concept of objects is at the heart of object-oriented programming. A class is simply a blueprint that defines how objects are structured and how they behave, but by itself, a class does not occupy any memory or perform any operations. To make use of a class, you must create objects from it.…

In C++, object-oriented programming (OOP) is built upon four key principles — encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. At the heart of these principles lies the concept of a class. A class serves as a blueprint for creating objects, encapsulating both data (attributes) and functions (methods) that operate on that data. Understanding how to define a…

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is one of the most influential paradigms in modern software development. It enables developers to model real-world entities, reuse code efficiently, protect data through encapsulation, and maintain large-scale systems with clarity and flexibility. At the core of OOP lie two powerful concepts: classes and objects. In this post, we will explore in…

In the world of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), one of the most fundamental and powerful concepts is the idea of an object. An object represents a real-world entity or concept within a program. It is the building block that allows developers to model, organize, and manage complex systems in a more natural and intuitive way. This…

Programming in C++ follows multiple paradigms, one of the most important being object-oriented programming (OOP). The central concept in OOP is the idea of classes and objects. A class acts as a blueprint for creating objects, while an object represents a real-world entity that contains both data and behavior. Understanding classes is essential to mastering…

In C++, pointers are powerful tools that allow you to directly manipulate memory. However, they can also be a source of errors and bugs if not handled carefully. One of the most common issues when working with pointers is the null pointer. Understanding what null pointers are, how to safely handle them, and how to…

Overview In C++, pointers provide a powerful mechanism for dynamically managing memory and interacting with objects. They not only allow for dynamic memory allocation but also facilitate the use of objects in a more flexible manner. One of the most common applications of pointers is in working with objects of a class. When you use…

Dynamic memory allocation in C++ is a powerful feature that allows you to allocate memory during runtime, as opposed to static memory allocation where memory is determined at compile time. This flexibility is especially useful when working with data structures like linked lists, trees, graphs, and other dynamic structures, where the size of the data…