Category: Error Handling and Intrinsics

In Fortran, arrays are a fundamental data structure that is used for storing and manipulating collections of values. Sometimes, it’s essential to know the bounds (size or limits) of an array, especially when working with dynamic arrays or when passing arrays between subroutines. Fortran provides two built-in functions, lbound and ubound, that allow you to…

Arrays are one of the most commonly used data structures in programming, especially in scientific computing and numerical simulations. In Fortran, arrays are crucial for storing collections of data, whether it’s a series of numbers, a matrix, or higher-dimensional datasets. Understanding the size of an array is often necessary for various operations, such as loops,…

The cos() function in Python is a part of the math module and is used to compute the cosine of an angle. The cosine function is fundamental in trigonometry and is widely used in mathematics, physics, engineering, and computer graphics. It calculates the cosine of an angle, which is a ratio of the adjacent side…

Trigonometry is a fundamental area of mathematics with widespread applications in various fields such as physics, engineering, computer graphics, and even machine learning. In Fortran, the sin function is used to calculate the sine of an angle. The sine function is one of the basic trigonometric functions that operate on angles, and it is typically…

The natural logarithm is a fundamental mathematical function, and Fortran provides a built-in function log to calculate the natural logarithm (logarithm to base e) of a given number. This function is essential in scientific computing, engineering applications, and many mathematical problems, where logarithmic transformations are often used. In this post, we will explore how to…

Exponential functions are fundamental in many areas of science, engineering, and mathematics. In Fortran, the exp function is used to compute the exponential of a number, i.e., exe^xex, where eee is the base of the natural logarithm (approximately equal to 2.71828). Understanding and using the exp function efficiently can be crucial for performing mathematical computations…

Mathematics is the backbone of many scientific and engineering calculations, and one of the most fundamental operations is calculating the square root of a number. In Fortran, the sqrt function is used to compute the square root of a number. This post will provide an in-depth explanation of how to use the sqrt function in…

In Python, the abs() function is a built-in function used to return the absolute value of a number, whether the number is an integer or a floating-point number. The concept of absolute value is straightforward: it represents the magnitude of a number, regardless of its sign. In other words, it returns the non-negative value of…

Fortran is one of the oldest high-level programming languages, originally developed for scientific and engineering applications. Over time, Fortran has evolved to incorporate many features that make it more versatile and efficient. One of these features is error handling in input and output (I/O) operations, which is critical in ensuring that programs run smoothly and…

When developing programs in Fortran that require input and output (I/O) operations, it’s crucial to handle errors that may arise during reading from or writing to files. Unanticipated errors such as file not found, permission denied, or corrupted data can cause your program to fail or behave unexpectedly. To mitigate such risks, Fortran provides tools…