What is Raoult’s Law? Where is it applied?

Raoult’s Law describes the vapor pressure of a liquid mixture: PA=xA⋅PA0P_A = x_A \cdot P_A^0PA​=xA​⋅PA0​

Where:

• PAP_APA​ = partial vapor pressure of component A
• xAx_AxA​ = mole fraction of A in liquid phase
• PA0P_A^0PA0​ = vapor pressure of pure A

Applications:

• Distillation (predict vapor-liquid equilibrium, VLE).
• Solvent recovery in industries.
• Separation processes (e.g., ethanol-water distillation).