Category: Optics (Light & Vision)

Introduction When we glance into a shiny shop window and see countless copies of ourselves stretching into infinity, or when a submarine captain peers safely above the ocean surface, we’re witnessing the remarkable phenomenon of multiple reflections.Multiple reflections occur when a beam of light reflects more than once between two or more surfaces before reaching…

Introduction Mirrors are everyday objects—so common that we often overlook their scientific and technological importance. From grooming in the morning to using a telescope at night, mirrors shape how we see ourselves and the universe. At its core, a mirror is a highly polished surface that reflects light according to the law of reflection: The…

Light is essential to how we perceive the world. Our ability to see objects relies on the interaction between light rays and surfaces, and one of the most fundamental of these interactions is reflection. Reflection is the process by which light bounces off a surface, enabling us to view objects, create images, and design optical…

Introduction The Mystery of Light Light is so familiar that we often forget how mysterious it truly is. It illuminates our world, fuels life through photosynthesis, and carries information across the cosmos. Yet when scientists ask a seemingly simple question—“What is light?”—the answer defies ordinary logic. For centuries, physicists debated whether light is a wave…