What are unit operations?

• Unit operations are the fundamental building blocks of chemical engineering processes.
• Each unit operation is a basic physical step (not chemical change) used in manufacturing.

Examples:

1. Mass Transfer Operations: Distillation, Absorption, Extraction, Drying.
2. Heat Transfer Operations: Evaporation, Heat Exchangers, Condensation.
3. Mechanical Operations: Filtration, Crushing, Grinding, Screening.
4. Fluid Flow Operations: Fluidization, Transportation of fluids.